Physical processes of phase noise in differential LC oscillators - Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2000. CICC. Proceedings of the IEEE 2000

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There is an unprecedented interest among circuit designers today to obtain insight into mechanisms of phase noise in LC oscillators. For only with this insight is it possible to optimize oscillator circuits using low-quality integrated resonators to comply with the exacting phase noise specifications of modern wireless systems. Various numerical simulators are now available to assist the circuit designer [ 11, [2], [3], in some cases accompanied by qualitative interpretations [4]. At present, therefore, the situation of the oscillator designer is similar to the designer of amplifiers who is equipped only with SPICE, but who lacks physical insight and methods for simple yet accurate analysis with which to optimize a circuit. Over the years, various attempts at phase noise analysis have produced results that are variations on Leeson’s classic “heuristic derivation without formal proof” [SI, [6]. These analyses are based on a linear model of an LC resonator in steady-state oscillation through application of either feedback or negative conductance. The results confirm Leeson by showing that phase noise is proportional to noise-to-carrier ratio and inversely to the square of resonator quality factor. However, without knowledge of the constant of proportionality, which Leeson leaves as an unspecified noise factor, the actual phase noise cannot be predicted.

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تاریخ انتشار 2004